His articles stated that the arts had been inextricably divided from one another since the ancient Greeks, and that future artwork must return to making a comprehensive piece of art. Photographic portrait of Richard Wagner, taken in 1871 Jean-Marc Nattier, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Richard Wagner’s Gesamtkunstwerk was promoted by intellectually adopting the word and embodying it in his famed operas, to the point that it was commonly credited to him. Although he was the first to use the word, he expanded on the ideas of previous philosophers who pushed for a synergy of the arts, such as Ludwig Trek and Gottfried Lessing. Trahndorff, a German writer and philosopher, used the term Gesamtkunstwerk in 1827. In his Aesthetic or Theory of Worldview and Art, K.F.E. The Morning (1808) by Philipp Otto Runge, located in the Hamburger Kunsthalle in Hamburg, Germany Philipp Otto Runge, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Taken as a type of forerunner of Gesamtkunstwerk, Runge’s works had a significant effect on German painters, especially after Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the prominent personality of the day, became a patron. Runge is well known for his Tageszeiten (1803 – 1805) series, which showed various periods of the day as a holistic conception of humans, natural elements, architectural elements, and landscapes. The Romanticism movement of the early 19th century affected the creation of Gesamtkunstwerk, most significantly through the artist and thinker Philipp Otto Runge. In 1996, UNESCO designated Schönbrunn Palace as a World Heritage Site, describing the structures and gardens as “a spectacular Baroque ensemble and a great illustration of Gesamtkunstwerk,” illustrating how beautifully Pacassi’s work integrates with the original. This may still be observed in Rococo architect Nicolaus Pacassi’s renovations to Schönbrunn Palace. The Palace of Schönbrunn in Vienna, Austria Diego Delso, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Later, architects and painters who expanded the royal estates proceeded to aim for a comprehensive impression, while also reflecting the effect of subsequent styles. Architecture, interior decorating, landscape design, sculpting, and art were all integrated to create a grandiose impact that was mirrored in every detail, from tableware to fabrics. Gesamtkunstwerk’s concepts may be traced back to the Baroque period. Gesamtkunstwerk endures most notably in architecture, where all components of the structure internal, external, and furniture were made to match one another, and this impact can be observed in many movements’ creative practices. Although it went out of popularity during the postmodern era, the phrase is still used to characterize multimedia installations and pieces today. The notion, which is still most popular in Austria and Germany, was developed during the 19th and early 20th centuries by a variety of European art groups and became a basic principle of modern art. 3.2 Which Art Forms Fall Under Gesamtkunstwerk?.
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